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When you’ve finished studying the learning curbs of PHP5, you will most likely wonder what is in store for PHP development in the near future. Where will this indispensable programming language headed in the next year? As we all know, PHP 5 has been a very significant development for the programming language. PHP5 has simply set the standard of many features that had little support before. Or simply was not focused on. It revolutionized the language, practically. And it really live up to its predecessor, PHP4. PHP5 as major version will be around 3 to 4 years much like PHP4 which was released in 2000. It had undergone a number of important revisions as it moved along. Definitely, PHP5 will see some minor patch releases. it will correct bugs from the original PHP5 . But it definitely will provide us with newest functionalities to use and do things with. So enjoy using your favorite PHP5. It will be here to stay and be helpful to you.
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People who are just starting to learn HTML may hear developers terms such as HTTP header and simply think that it is the same with a header of an HTML document. Big Mistake. The HTML header is anything you write in between the
tags. The HTML header usually contains information about the page. The author provides the info for the client. The HTTP header, otherwise, is information the client and the server provides with each other regarding the transmission process of the document. Think of the HTML header as the date and address written at the top of a business letter, while the HTTP header is the address written on the envelope. They are both addresses, written in two different locations.
The HTTP header contains details about the transaction between the client and server, with slight variations depending on whether it is a request or a response. The header information can be grouped into three different categories. Namely, General, Entity, and Request/Response
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Do you know what if felt like when you’re forgetting something and you promised to remember even just for one day? It felt like not having sessions in your website. Sessions in PHP temporarily saves important data that is needed for browsing the whole site, into the server for future references. Therefore, it will not take any of the user’s memory space. In our school, session is commonly used when the user has to log in first before entering. With session, his username and password won’t have to be displayed in the address bar, or the programmer won’t have to use POST for all of his pages. There are three functions used in PHP for session. Session_start() is used for starting a session and must always be placed before the body tag. It creates a unique id (UID) for the user. Session_unset() removes all of the values stored in the session. Session_destroy() deletes the UID. To store data as a session variable, user $_SESSION[‘variablename*’] and equate it to the value you want to save.
*Can be changed into what the user prefers.
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This form of array declaration allows one to change the case from uppercase to lowercase and vice versa. The syntax goes as follows:
array_change_key_case(array,case)
The array part, specifies which table or array to use and is a required field which is not the case with the key which is automatically assigned a value. An example of it’s use can be seen below:
$a=array('a'=>“Mouse”,’b'=>”Rat”,’c'=>”Rodent”,’d'=>”Cat”);
print_r(array_change_key_case($a,CASE_UPPER));
?>
The output of the said commands will be:
Array ( [A] => Mouse [B] => Rat [C] => Rodent [D] => Cat)
Another example of it’s use would be:
$a=array('a'=>“Mouse”,’B'=>”Rat”,’c'=>”Rodent”,’b'=>”Cat”);
print_r(array_change_key_case($a,CASE_UPPER));
?>
That returns the following values respectively:
Array ( [A] => Mouse [B] => Rat [C] => Rodent [D] => Cat)
In the next post, we would discuss an array function that divides a large array into several chunks of separate arrays.
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The first step to get us on our way to programming in PHP would be to set up an ideal development environment. You need a Web Server software like Apache (which would be what we are going to use) which is only one of many out there. Most of these web servers are open-source meaning that they are free. Now, being free doesn�t mean that they are not up to standards for there are standards that are set by independent groups that are comprised of the many developers who together formulate or give a loosely defined set of standards for others to follow. Apache has versions for Linux but there are also for the Windows, Unix and Mac OS. The installer can be downloaded along with the detailed manual from PHP.net
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The “welcome.php” file can now utilize the $_POST variable to catch the data contained within the form as with the request variable in the previous posts, the form fields will automatically be the ID keys in the $_POST array. This variable would be very useful for passwords and user name and other entry forms (having no limits on length) but being so discreet, it cannot be bookmarked.
Welcome .
You are years old!
The $_REQUEST Variable
The variable contains the contents of both $_GET, $_POST and $_COOKIE which can be used to get the result from the data sent with the GET and POST methods like the sample shown below.
Welcome .
You are years old!
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The $_POST Variable
The variable is an array of variable names and values that is sent by the HTTP POST method. The $_POST variable is used to collect values from a form with the method=”post”. The information sent from a form through this method is invisible to others and has no limits with concerns to the amount of information to be sent.
This time, as the user clicks on the submit button, the address bar would not display any information looking like:
http://www.samplepage.com/welcome.php
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The file “welcome.php” can now use the $_GET variable to obtain all the required information which is shown on the address bar. As it does that, all the name fields of the form will automatically be the ID keys in the $_GET array variable.
Welcome .
You are years old!
The use of the $_GET variable results in all data being shown in the address bar which would not be well suited for obtaining user names and passwords. The use of the said variable is practiced for it allows pinpoint bookmarking allowing specific pages (like the user’s information page) that can easily be located with the first few values. The limitation of 100 characters is somewhat limiting but it is very useful in some cases as we will show in future posts.
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The $_GET variable is an array of variable names with the corresponding values sent by the HTTP GET method. It is used to collect values from a form by using the method=”get”. All information sent by a form using this method is visible to all on the browser’s address bar but it is limited to only 100 characters.
Sample:
If the user clicks on the submit button, the address bar would look like the output below:
http://www.samplepage.com/welcome.php?name=Ernie&age=35
Take note that the variable contents and names are verbosely displayed so do not forget to take that into account when using the variable for forms processing.
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As the previous post discussed, PHP is very easy to use with web pages for the language has all the elements of a web page as a useable element. Now, going forward, forms or pages are easily handled and checked on the user end, meaning when you open a page the data input is easier to verify on the user side rather than have the input sent back to the server for checking and then returning any errors should there be any. This reduces load on the server and network having the data validated on the user end, allowing the information to be sent when the form receives all correct input. This type of handling is called client side validation where the input page verifies itself only requesting for the next step in a process when it returns true (all entries are correct). This way, the error checking and return function is on the client side reducing network and server load.
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